Which of the Following Is NOT Evidence That Smoking Causes

question 28

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT evidence that smoking causes lung cancer?

• A)Epidemiological rates of lung cancer dramatically increased after more people started to smoke.
• B)Exposure of lung cells to the active carcinogen found in cigarettes causes mutations in p53.
• C)Mutations in p53 are found in the same codons in patients with lung cancer who smoke as in cultured cells treated with benzo(a)pyrene.
• D)Epidemiological rates of lung cancer in women increased years after the rates in men increased.

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Definitions:

Accompanying Graph

A visual representation used alongside data or concepts to illustrate trends, patterns, or relationships in a clear and effective manner.

Decreasing-Cost Industry

An industry in which costs per unit decline as the industry scales up production, often due to economies of scale.

Average Cost

The total cost of production divided by the quantity of the product produced, indicating the cost per unit of output.

Industry's Output

The total production of goods or services generated by all firms operating within a specific industry.