Which of the Following Elements Do NOT Have to Be

question 25

Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements do NOT have to be proved once a plaintiff has established the ability to sue under rule 10b-5?

• A) Material, factual misrepresentation or omission
• B) Error by auditor led to plaintiffs' loss
• C) Reliance by the plaintiff on the financial statements
• D) Damages suffered by plaintiff as a result of reliance on the financial statements

---

Definitions:

Dominant Message

The primary or most prominent message communicated to an audience, typically intended to influence or inform.

Phatic Function

One of Jakobson’s semiotic functions. Keeps participants in communication “on track” by establishing how communication will take place.

Semioticians Study

The examination of signs and symbols as significant elements of communication and the ways they are interpreted within cultural and social contexts.

Interpretation and Meaning

The process of explaining or providing the significance of something, such as data or events, often involving personal judgment or contextual analysis.