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Potential GDP is always greater than real GDP in an economy.
Zero-based Budgeting
A budgeting method that starts from a "zero base" every period, requiring all expenses to be justified for each new period, as opposed to being carried forward.
Top-Down Budgeting
A budgeting approach where the budget is created by top-level management and then distributed to lower levels for implementation.
Bottom-Up Budgeting
A budgeting process where the budget is prepared with the input and estimates coming from lower-level staff, before being aggregated and approved at higher levels.
Operating Budgets
A financial plan that estimates the expected income and expenses for a specific period in the future, often used to guide business activities.
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