World-Class Sprinters Typically Do Not Breathe During the 9+ Seconds

question 56

Multiple Choice

World-class sprinters typically do not breathe during the 9+ seconds it takes to complete a 100-meter race.What does this fact suggest about these runners' energy production?

• A) It must be mitochondrial,with oxygen provided by one big breath at the beginning of the sprint.
• B) It must be mitochondrial,with oxygen provided by circulating hemoglobin that is already saturated with oxygen.
• C) It must be glycolytic;the process is entirely anaerobic and the race will be over before NADH⁺ reserves are depleted.
• D) It must be fermentative,which explains why most sprinters experience cramping after the race ends.

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Definitions:

Animals

Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the kingdom Animalia that are characterized by their ability to move voluntarily, consume organic materials, and have sensory and nervous systems.

Lophotrochozoa

A clade within the animal kingdom that includes organisms with a distinctive developmental stage or feeding structure, such as mollusks, annelids, and brachiopods.

Deuterostomes

A major group of animals characterized by their embryonic development, in which the anus forms before the mouth during early embryogenesis.

Embryos

Early developmental stages of multicellular organisms following fertilization, during which cells divide and specialize to form the structure and organs of the organism.