Botulism Is a Type of Paralysis (Inability to Move Muscles)caused

question 61

Multiple Choice

Botulism is a type of paralysis (inability to move muscles) caused by a specific type of bacteria.The bacteria release a toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) from the neurons that form synapses with muscle cells.Why might botulism toxin cause paralysis?

• A) Without acetylcholine,action potentials never get to muscle cells because they cannot move from one node of Ranvier to the next.
• B) Since acetylcholine is responsible for establishing the concentration gradient of sodium ions,action potentials cannot form in the neurons of individuals with botulism.
• C) If acetylcholine is not released,action potentials that stimulate muscle contraction cannot be transmitted across the synaptic cleft to muscle cells.
• D) In the absence of acetylcholine,sensory neurons are unable to communicate with motor neurons,so motor neurons never receive the signal to cause muscle contraction.

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Definitions:

Receptor Activity

The involvement of cellular receptors in responding to stimuli or drugs, affecting cell function.

Reuptake

Reuptake is a process by which neurotransmitters are absorbed back into the neuronal presynaptic cell after their release into the synaptic cleft, influencing neurotransmission.

Neurotransmitter Molecules

Chemical substances in the nervous system that transmit signals across synapses from one neuron to another.

Sending Neuron

A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse away from itself towards another neuron, muscle cell, or gland.