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A 400-g block of iron at 400°C is dropped into a calorimeter (of negligible heat capacity) containing 60 g of water at 30°C.How much steam is produced? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg and its specific heat capacity is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.The average specific heat of iron over this temperature range is 560 J/kg ∙ K.
Carbene
A highly reactive molecule featuring a carbon atom with two non-bonded electrons and six valence electrons in total.
Carbanion
An ion that contains a negatively charged carbon atom, often a reactive intermediate in organic reactions.
Hybridization
The concept in chemistry where atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals for bonding.
Cationic Center
A site within a molecule that bears a positive charge, typically found in organometallic or organic compounds.
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