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For m > p2, the demand functions for goods 1 and 2 are given by the equations, - 1 and
, where m is income and p1 and p2 are prices. Let the horizontal axis represent the quantity of good 1. Let p1 = 1 and p2 = 2. Then for m > 2, the income offer curve is
Experimenter's Manipulations
The deliberate changes or variations introduced by researchers in an experiment to investigate their effects on the outcome.
Extraneous Variable
Any variable that is not intentionally studied in the experiment which can affect the outcome of the research if not controlled.
Confounding Variable
An outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable. This extraneous influence is used to influence the outcome of an experimental design.
Volunteer Bias
A shortcoming of findings derived from a sample of volunteers instead of a representative sample; the volunteers may differ from those who did not volunteer.
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