Examlex
Suppose that Fenner Smith of Workouts Problem 13.2 must divide his portfolio between two assets, one of which gives him an expected rate of return of 15% with zero standard deviation and one of which gives him an expected rate of return of 30% and has a standard deviation of 5%. He can alter the expected rate of return and the variance of his portfolio by changing the proportions in which he holds the two assets. If we draw a "budget line" with expected return on the vertical axis and standard deviation on the horizontal axis, depicting the combinations that Smith can obtain, the slope of this budget line is
Avoidance Learning
A learning process in which an individual learns a behavior or response to avoid an unpleasant or harmful stimulus.
Aversive Event
An unpleasant or undesirable event that causes a negative reaction in an individual, often used in psychology to study behaviors and conditioning.
Organism
A living entity that can function independently, including animals, plants, fungi, microorganisms, and in some contexts, viruses.
Punishment Learning
A form of learning in which an undesirable behavior decreases in frequency because it is followed by an unpleasant stimulus.
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