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In the short run, a firm which has production function f (L, M) = 4 must use 4 machines. If the cost of labor is $4 per unit and the cost of machines is $4 per unit, the short-run total cost of producing 48 units of output is
Population Size
The total number of individual organisms inhabiting a particular area or environment at a given time.
Inbreeding
The mating of closely related individuals, which can increase the chance of offspring inheriting identical copies of genes from both parents, potentially leading to a greater risk of recessive genetic disorders.
Deleterious Alleles
Deleterious alleles are variants of genes that negatively affect the fitness or survival of an individual carrying them.
Homozygosity
The state of having two identical alleles at a particular gene locus, leading to the expression of a specific trait.
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