The Evaluation by Upper-Level Managers of the Performance of Mid-Level

question 105

Multiple Choice

The evaluation by upper-level managers of the performance of mid-level managers is:

• A) Performance evaluation.
• B) Operational control.
• C) Goal congruence.
• D) Principal-agent model.
• E) Management control.

Grasp the concept of sunk costs and their impact on business decisions.

Understand the principles behind the Third Industrial Revolution and its potential effects on production and transportation costs.

Comprehend how additive manufacturing (3-D printing) affects economies of scale, production costs, and manufacturing industry dynamics.

Differentiate between explicit costs, implicit costs, and the importance of including both in economic cost calculations.

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Definitions:

Equity Method

An accounting technique used to assess the profits earned by investments in other companies, reflecting the profit in proportion to shares held.

Comprehensive Income

The total change in equity for a reporting period other than transactions from owners, encompassing all realized and unrealized gains and losses.

Cost Method

An accounting method used for investments, where the investment is recorded at cost and adjustments are made only for dividends received and permanent declines in value.

Retained Earnings

The portion of a company's profits that is kept or retained and not paid out as dividends to shareholders, often used for reinvestment in the business or to pay down debt.