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A Researcher Pretests a Group of Participants to Determine Their

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A researcher pretests a group of participants to determine their attitudes toward the use of alternative energy sources to replace crude oil. The researcher then initiates a program to convince them that they should invest in such alternatives. During this time, the price of gasoline rises $.50 per gallon. At the end of the program, the researcher retests and finds that the participants are much more positive in their attitudes. What threat to internal validity most likely accounts for this change?


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Health Care

The organized provision of medical services to individuals or a community.

Transportation System

A transportation system encompasses all modes of transport and infrastructure required for the movement of goods and people, including roads, railways, airways, and waterways.

Railroad and Train System

A network of tracks, stations, and supporting infrastructure for the movement of trains, which transport passengers or freight across distances.

Average Workweek

The average number of hours worked per week by employees in a particular firm, sector, or economy.

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