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In early Vedic times the Aryans based social distinctions-and thus the early forms of the caste system-on
Corrupt Monastic System
Practices within religious monastic communities that deviate from ethical or spiritual standards, typically involving misuse of power or funds.
Avignon Papacy
The period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon, France instead of Rome, leading to a significant state of schism within the Church.
1309-1378
Dates defining the Avignon Papacy, a period when the popes resided in Avignon, France rather than in Rome, a situation that led to significant church conflict.
Papal Bull Unam Sanctam
A significant papal decree issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302, asserting the supreme spiritual authority of the Pope over kings and secular rulers.
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