When Deciding Whether to Cross-List Shares on a Foreign Exchange

question 14

Essay

When deciding whether to cross-list shares on a foreign exchange, the firm has to consider the expected benefits and costs. The benefits may be: to establish a broader investor base for its stock, to establish name recognition in foreign capital markets, thus paving the way for the firm to source new equity and debt capital from investors in different markets, and to expose the firm's name to a broader investor and consumer groups. The costs include: listing fees, reconciliation of the accounting standards of two countries, compliance with the regulations of the foreign exchange, and investor relations.
-Assume that Accor shares are trading at A$2.5 in Sydney and $28 in New York.Each ADR equals 20 shares.The current exchange rate is A$1.5/$.At what transaction cost per share would there be no profit opportunity?

Know the difference between experience and learning curves and how they relate to each other.

Understand the mathematical approaches to calculate learning curves, including the logarithmic and arithmetic methods.

Recognize the historical application and current relevance of learning curves across industries, including services.

Understand how learning curves are used in managerial settings, including time and labor estimates, budgeting, and performance evaluation.