Which of the Following Statements Can Explain Why an Association

question 84

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B?

• A)​The observed association may be coincidental.
• B)​There may be a third variable that is responsible for causing both events.
• C)​Causality may run from Event B to Event A instead of in the opposite direction.
• D)​All of the above can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B.

---

Definitions:

CIO

The Congress of Industrial Organizations, a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.

Collective Bargaining

The process whereby labor unions and employers negotiate wages, hours, and working conditions on behalf of the employees.

Strikes

Work stoppages initiated by employees as a form of protest, typically to demand better working conditions, wages, or benefits from their employer.

Lockouts

A situation in labor relations where an employer prevents employees from entering the workplace, usually during a dispute.