Validity Is Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Generalizability

question 94

True/False

Validity is necessary and sufficient condition for generalizability.

Comprehend the "inverted-U theory" of R&D and its significance.

Analyze market structures and their impact on innovation and R&D incentives.

Distinguish between invention, innovation, and diffusion within the context of technological advancement.

Grasp the importance of studying scientific output from universities and labs for innovation.

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Definitions:

Money Supply

The total financial assets present within an economy, inclusive of cash, coins, and the amounts present in checking and savings accounts, at a certain point.

Reserve Requirement Ratio

The fraction of deposits that banks are required to hold in reserve, either in their vaults or with the central bank, not used for loans.

Checkable Deposits

Deposits in bank accounts that can be withdrawn using checks, debit cards, or digital transactions, comprising a significant part of the money supply.

Required Reserves

are the minimum amounts of funds that banks must hold in reserve against deposits, as mandated by central banks.