_____ Takes Place When Consumers Pass on Negative Information About

question 117

Multiple Choice

_____ takes place when consumers pass on negative information about a company from one to another.

• A) Negative disconfirmation
• B) Negative referencing
• C) Negative word-of-mouth
• D) Negative association
• E) Negative attribution

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of television advertising for local businesses.

Explore various sales promotion techniques and their impacts on small businesses.

Understand the ultimate goal of marketing communications in driving consumer action.

Recognize the complexities and challenges in linking marketing communications directly to consumer purchases.

---

Definitions:

Biological Psychologist

A scientist who studies the biological underpinnings of behavior, thoughts, and emotions, often focusing on the brain's role in psychological processes.

Social Psychologist

A scientist or researcher who studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

Overconfidence

The state of being excessively confident, to the point of having an unrealistic perception of one's abilities or outcomes.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome, also known as the "knew-it-all-along" effect.