The Diffusion of Water Across a Membrane That Is Permeable

question 16

Multiple Choice

The diffusion of water across a membrane that is permeable to water but not to ions and other charged solutes is

• A) facilitated diffusion.
• B) active transport.
• C) simple diffusion.
• D) osmosis.
• E) phagocytosis.

Identify the structural characteristics and nomenclature of carboxylic acids.

Describe the importance and mechanism of spectroscopic methods (NMR, mass spectrometry, IR) in identifying organic compounds.

Explain the process and significance of acid-base neutralization reactions in organic chemistry.

Understand the synthesis of carboxylic acids from various precursors including Grignard reagents.

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Definitions:

Open Circulatory System

A type of circulatory system in which the circulating fluid (hemolymph) is not entirely contained within blood vessels but bathes the internal organs directly in an open body cavity (hemocoel).

Arthropods

A large group of invertebrate animals characterized by their segmented bodies, exoskeleton, and jointed limbs, including insects, arachnids, and crustaceans.

Earthworms

Invertebrate organisms belonging to the phylum Annelida, known for their role in soil aeration and composting.

Hemocyanin

A copper-containing protein found in the blood of some invertebrates, like mollusks and arthropods, serving as an oxygen carrier.