The Four Phyla of the Gymnosperms Are

question 39

Multiple Choice

The four phyla of the gymnosperms are

• A) monocotyledons, dicotyledons, conifers, and cycads.
• B) horsetails, true ferns, whisk ferns, and club mosses.
• C) conifers, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and cycads.
• D) mosses, liverworts, club mosses, and hornworts.
• E) conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.

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Definitions:

Pericycle

A layer of cells found just inside the endodermis in plant roots, involved in the formation of lateral roots and secondary growth.

Endodermis

The innermost layer of cells in the root cortex, serving as a selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances from the soil into the vascular cylinder.

Pericycle

A layer of cells just inside the endodermis in plant roots, which can give rise to lateral roots, contributing to the plant's growth and development.

Illuviation

The deposition of material leached from the upper layers of soil into the lower layers.