Extinctions Have Occurred Since Life Originated

question 7

Multiple Choice

Extinctions have occurred since life originated.However,since humans have been on Earth,many extinctions have occurred as a result of human activities.Biologists are concerned about this trend in extinctions and human presence.Which of the following choices is correct about how biologists estimate rates of extinctions?

• A)Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by conducting annual counts of the most critical flora and fauna and by using past extinctions as models.
• B)Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by analyzing habitat loss and studying recorded extinction events.
• C)Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by monitoring all populations for births and deaths.
• D)Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by constant examination of the fossil record,especially deep marine sediments.

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Definitions:

Firm's Stock

The capital raised by a corporation through the issuance and subscription of shares representing ownership interest in the company.

Dividend Cuts

A reduction in the dividend payments announced by a company, often due to financial difficulties or a need to retain more earnings for investments.

Target D/E Ratio

The desired debt-to-equity ratio that a company aims to achieve to optimize its capital structure.

Residual Dividend Policy

Residual Dividend Policy is a strategy where a company pays dividends out of the residual or leftover equity only after all project capital needs are met.