Protruding Papulae on the Surface of Echinoderms Improve Respiratory Efficiency

question 44

Multiple Choice

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

• A)decreasing the distance for diffusion
• B)increasing the surface area for diffusion
• C)increasing the concentration difference
• D)changing the diffusion constant

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Definitions:

Color Afterimage

is a visual phenomenon where an image continues to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased, often in complementary colors.

Frequencies

In physics, the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time, often measured in hertz (Hz) in the context of waves or vibrations.

100,000 Hz

A frequency unit representing 100,000 cycles per second in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically associated with high-frequency sounds beyond human hearing.

Opponent-Process Theory

A psychological and neurological model explaining how the perception of one stimulus (e.g., color) can affect the perception of another, leading to contrasting effects.