Mammals Are Thought to Have Evolved from

question 49

Multiple Choice

Mammals are thought to have evolved from

• A)thecodonts.
• B)therapsids.
• C)dinosaurs.
• D)marsupials.
• E)archosaurs.

Grasp the significance of observational learning and identify the factors necessary for it to occur.

Differentiate between various types of reinforcement (positive, negative) and punishment (application, removal).

Recognize the role of cognitive processes in learning, challenging the notion that learning is purely behavioral.

Understand the impact of conditioning on emotions and behaviors, such as fear and preferences.

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Definitions:

Sociometer Theory

Sociometer theory is a psychological mechanism proposed to measure an individual's level of social acceptance or rejection, impacting self-esteem.

Reflected Appraisal

A process by which individuals form perceptions of themselves based on how they believe others view them.

Self-esteem

Refers to a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Defense Mechanisms

Psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality in order to defend against feelings of anxiety and unacceptable impulses.