Use This Information for Question That Refer to the United

question 41

Multiple Choice

Use this information for question that refer to the United Tools case. Terry Harter is marketing manager for United Tools and Mike O'Reilly is the firm's logistics manager. They work together to make decisions about how to get United's hand and power tools to its customers-a mix of manufacturing plants and final consumers (who buy United tools at a hardware store) . United Tools does not own its own transport facilities and it works with wholesalers to reach its business customers.
Together, Harter and O'Reilly try to coordinate transporting, storing, and product handling activities to minimize cost while still achieving the customer service level their customers and intermediaries want. This usually requires that United keep an inventory of most of its products on hand, but demand for its products is fairly consistent over time so inventory is easy to manage.
Harter has identified four options for physical distribution systems she could use to reach two of her key wholesalers, Ralston Supply and Ricotta Tool Co. The total cost for each option-and the distribution service levels that can be achieved-are as follows: $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{lll}\mathbf { \text {Main feature of system:}}\\ \text {1. Airfreight}\\ \text {2. Inland waterways}\\ \text {3. Trucks}\\ \text {4. Rail and regional }\\\text {warehouses}\end{array}\begin{array}{r}\text { Total Cost } \\\$ 1,000,000 \\\$ 300,000 \\\$ 500,000 \\\$ 650,000\\\\\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { Distribution Service Level}\\\text { 95 percent }\\\text { 60 percent }\\\text { 70 percent }\\\text { 80 percent}\\\\\end{array}\end{array}$
Ralston Supply expects a very high level (90 percent) of distribution customer service. Ricotta Tool Co. is willing to settle for a 70 percent customer service level, even if that means some products will occasionally be out of stock, if it gets products at a lower price.
For its large retail hardware customers (like Home Depot) , United regularly ships smaller orders directly to individual stores or in some cases to the retail chain's warehouses. Cross-country shipments usually go by rail while regional shipments usually go by truck.
United Tools is considering building a new private warehouse for its tools. Which of the following are benefits of private warehouses?

• A) Low unit storing cost, if volume is high.
• B) Very flexible if storage needs expand or contract in the future.
• C) Low fixed investment.
• D) All of these are benefits of private warehouses.

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Definitions:

Personal Exemptions

A tax deduction allowed by the IRS for oneself and dependents, though it was eliminated for tax years 2018 through 2025 by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

AMT Adjustments

Adjustments required for calculating the Alternative Minimum Tax, an alternative tax system designed to ensure that certain taxpayers pay at least a minimum amount of tax.

Standard Deduction

A fixed dollar amount that reduces the income that is subject to tax and varies according to the taxpayer's filing status.

Taxable Income

The portion of income used to calculate how much tax an individual or a company owes to the government in a given tax year.