University Researchers Create a Positive Externality Because What They Discover

question 168

Multiple Choice

University researchers create a positive externality because what they discover in their research labs can easily be learned by others who haven't contributed to the research costs. What could the federal government do to equate the equilibrium quantity of university research and the socially optimal quantity of university research produced?

• A)tax university researchers
• B)offer grants to university researchers
• C)eliminate subsidized student loans
• D)nothing

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Definitions:

Operant-Conditioning Chamber

A controlled environment used in behavioral psychology to study animal behavior through rewards and punishments.

Puzzle Box

A problem-solving task used in experiments, often with animals, to study learning and behavior.

Shaping

A method used in behavioral psychology to gradually train a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.

Successive Approximations

A technique in behaviorism where behaviors are broken down into small tasks and each one is mastered in turn leading towards a target behavior.