Explain the Effects of the Following Substitutes of Leadership Based

question 22

Essay

Explain the effects of the following substitutes of leadership based on the meta-analysis by Podsakoff,MacKenzie,and Bommer: (1) Role ambiguity (2) Role conflict (3) Altruism.

Recognize the behaviors associated with charismatic and transformational leadership.

Explain the concept of the "romance of leadership" and its implications for leadership accountability.

Define leadership comprehensively and understand the varying dimensions and models.

Interpret the application of situational, autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership in different group dynamics and contexts.

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Definitions:

Autonomic Reflex

A bodily reflex mediated by the autonomic nervous system that regulates the function of internal organs, such as heart rate and digestion, without conscious effort.

Pupillary Light

The reflex change in pupil size in response to changes in light intensity, which is vital for protecting the retina and adapting vision to varying light conditions.

Trigeminal

Pertaining to the fifth cranial nerve, which is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.

Glosspharyngeal

A cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers to the pharynx and tongue, and sensory fibers to the tonsils, pharynx, and middle ear, playing a key role in swallowing and taste.