An Early Element of Confusion in the Study of Leadership

question 38

True/False

An early element of confusion in the study of leadership was the failure to distinguish it as a process from the leader as a person who occupies a central role in that process.

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Definitions:

Top-Down Change

A change initiative where decisions and initiatives are initiated by the top management and flow downwards through the hierarchy of an organization.

Bottom-Up Change

A change strategy where employees at all levels are involved in the process, often leading to more effective and sustainable organizational transformation.

Force-Coercion Strategy

A change management approach involving the use of power, threats, or sanctions to induce change within an organization.

Formal Authority

Power or right, based on one's position in an organization, to make decisions, command resources, or direct the work of others.