Examlex
Which of the following items is not a tool that can be used by management to detect poor quality in an operation?
Instrumentality
The perceived relationship between performance and the attainment of certain outcomes, key to understanding motivation in expectancy theory.
Expectancy
In the context of motivation, expectancy refers to an individual's belief that a particular effort will lead to a desired performance level.
Valence
In motivation theory, the value an individual places on the expected outcome of a particular course of action.
Employee Turnover
The rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new employees over a certain period.
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