The Practice of Managers Knowingly Including a Higher Amount of Expenditures

question 95

Multiple Choice

The practice of managers knowingly including a higher amount of expenditures (or lower amount of revenue) in the budget than they actually believe will occur is called:

• A) Goal congruency.
• B) Resource capacity planning.
• C) Participative budgeting.
• D) Budgetary slack.
• E) Kaizen budgeting.

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Definitions:

Learned Helplessness

A scenario in which an individual is plagued by feelings of helplessness, caused by either a distressing event or repeated failures to accomplish their goals.

Seligman

Known for his work on learned helplessness and its connection to depression, proposing that it results from a perceived lack of control over the outcome of a situation.

Concept

An abstract idea or a mental symbol used to represent something that is recognized and understood based on specific characteristics.

Concept Learning

The process by which individuals learn to categorize information into defined groups, based on common features or rules.