Despite the Analytical Usefulness of Learning About Anthropologist Elman Service's

question 20

Multiple Choice

Despite the analytical usefulness of learning about anthropologist Elman Service's typology of political organization into bands,tribes,chiefdoms,and states,it is important to remember that

• A) Bronislaw Malinowski first came up with this typology.
• B) it applies only to the reality of societies in the so-called Third World.
• C) none of these political entities, or polities, can be studied as a self-contained form of political organization, because all exist within nation-states.
• D) it has no practical value in ethnographic research, only in theoretical anthropology.
• E) people all over the world vocally reject being classified under such a typology and typically express their anger through hidden transcripts.

Explain the concept of phenotypic plasticity and its relevance to human traits and behaviors.

Recognize the impact of environmental factors on the development of individuals with genetic disorders.

Identify the genetic basis of specific disorders and syndromes.

Understand the methodology and implications of genetic research, including kinship, twin, and adoption studies.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a reaction.

Unconditioned Response

An automatic, natural reaction to a stimulus that occurs without prior conditioning or learning.

Unconditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.