Which of the Following Is a Negative Outcome of the Management

question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a negative outcome of the management by objectives method?

• A)Increased difficulty of the planning process
• B)Decrease in superior/subordinate communication
• C)Increase in performance pressure and stress
• D)Lack of direction for work units

Identify and explain the principal-agent problem and its impact on both government and private sector efficiency.

Describe the special-interest effect and its consequences on government policy and economic outcomes.

Recognize the role of government in correcting market failures and enhancing economic efficiency through public goods and externalities management.

Explain the phenomena of government failure and the conditions that lead to economically inefficient outcomes.

---

Definitions:

Sum of Squares

A measure of the total variability within a data set, calculated by summing the squares of differences from the mean.

Daily Indexes

These are metrics or values that are recalculated every day to reflect the current state or performance of a particular dataset or market.

Mean Absolute Deviation

The average of the absolute differences between each data point in a set and the overall mean, reflecting dispersion.

Absolute Differences

The absolute value of the difference between two numbers, disregarding the sign.