Jacky Did Not Score Well in Her "Pre-Med" Course at the University

question 51

Multiple Choice

Jacky did not score well in her "pre-med" course at the university level.She started studying hard to improve her grades and got into medical school.Even after getting the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) ,she still works hard for everything and is successful in all her endeavors.Which special kind of response to negative reinforcement is evident in Jacky's case?

• A) Instinctive drift
• B) Observational learning
• C) Learned helplessness
• D) Avoidance learning

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Definitions:

Behavioral Contrast

The phenomenon where the rate of response to one stimulus changes as a consequence of a change in reinforcement conditions for another stimulus.

Variable-Interval Schedule

A Variable-Interval Schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule where responses are reinforced after varying intervals of time, making the reinforcement unpredictable.

Primary Reinforcement

A reinforcer that satisfies a basic biological need, such as food, water, or sleep, and is inherently rewarding.

Secondary Reinforcement

A reinforcing stimulus that acquires its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer.