In the Early 1980s,Nestle a Multinational Based in Switzerland Began

question 115

Essay

In the early 1980s,Nestle a multinational based in Switzerland began a wide ranging campaign in Africa,to promote the use infant formula as a replacement for breast feeding.The campaign was successful,but health workers noticed an in increase in malnourished babies and babies with a variety of infectious,water borne diseases.They discovered that mothers,who were using Nestle formula,were reducing the amount of powdered formula they mixed with water to save money.They also discovered that in some cases women were using contaminated water straight from a river,pond or stream.Finally they also learned that Nestle was emphasizing the progressive nature of using formula as opposed to outdated breast feeding.After a great deal of criticism,Nestle finally stopped the campaign.Unfortunately some babies died because of the campaign.Did Nestle act unethically? Explain.

---

Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A training approach involving the regular pairing of two cues, where a response originally provoked by the second cue becomes triggered by only the first cue over time.

Instrumental Learning

A learning process that uses rewards and punishments to promote or discourage a behavior, also known as operant conditioning.

Observational Learning

A learning process where an individual acquires new behaviors by watching and imitating others.

Habituation

the process by which an organism decreases or ceases its response to a stimulus after repeated or prolonged exposure.