Are the Jawless Ostracoderms a Real Taxon (That Is,are They

question 53

Essay

Are the jawless ostracoderms a real taxon (that is,are they a monophyletic group)?

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Definitions:

Reaction Formation

A defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously transforms an undesirable thought or feeling into its opposite.

Defense Mechanism

Psychological strategies used by individuals to cope with reality and maintain self-image by unconsciously denying or distorting reality.

Unconscious Impulses

Desires or feelings that a person is not aware of but that influence behaviors and decisions.

Karen Horney

A psychoanalyst known for her theories on neurosis, personality development, and the concept of basic anxiety.