What Establishes an Electrochemical Gradient Across a Membrane to Provide

question 6

Multiple Choice

What establishes an electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for ATP production?

• A) The mitochondrion's electron transport system provides the ions
• B) Hydrogen ions naturally collect on the outside of the organelle membrane
• C) Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins
• D) All of the above establish the electrochemical gradient

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