House Sparrows Are an Introduced Species from Europe That Nest

question 66

Essay

House sparrows are an introduced species from Europe that nest in cavities and birdhouses favored by native bluebirds.Speculate on all the possible outcomes of this competition and what may happen to bluebird population numbers.

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Definitions:

Operating Expense Fee

Fees charged by mutual funds and investment companies for the cost of managing the fund, including administrative and management services.

Front-End Load Fee

A charge applied at the time of purchase of an investment, typically pertaining to mutual funds.

12b-1 Fee

A fee that mutual funds may charge for marketing, distribution, and service expenses, expressed as a percentage of assets under management.

Net Asset Value

The value per share of a fund, calculated by dividing the total value of the fund's assets minus its liabilities by the number of shares outstanding.