To Increase Safety at a Bad Intersection,you Must Decide Whether

question 337

Multiple Choice

To increase safety at a bad intersection,you must decide whether to install a traffic light in your hometown at a cost of $25,000.If the traffic light reduces the risk of fatality by 0.3 percent,and the value of a human life is estimated to be $10 million,you should

• A) install the light because the expected benefit of $30,000 is greater than the cost.
• B) install the light because the expected benefit of $25,000 is greater than the cost.
• C) not install the light because the expected benefit of $25,000 is only equal to the cost.
• D) not install the light because the expected benefit of $3,000 is less than the cost.

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Definitions:

Conditional Discrimination

The process where an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli depending on the conditions or context.

Discrimination Learning

The ability to differentiate between different stimuli and respond appropriately to each.

Prefrontal Cortex

The front part of the frontal lobes of the brain, involved in executive functions such as judgement, decision-making, and social behavior.

Generalization Gradient

A measure of how an organism responds to various stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioning stimulus, showing a gradation in response strength.