Which of the Microbial Populations Listed Below Is Thought to Have

question 23

Multiple Choice

Which of the microbial populations listed below is thought to have evolved earliest based on metabolism studies of the geological record?

• A) cyanobacteria
• B) aerobic oxidation-reduction bacteria
• C) algae
• D) anaerobic oxidation-reduction bacteria
• E) aerobic phototrophy

Understand the basic concepts and types of animal behavior, including fixed-action patterns, imprinting, and operant conditioning.

Recognize the influence of genetics and the environment on animal behavior.

Identify examples of learned behaviors and the mechanisms behind learning.

Describe the concept of sexual selection and its role in animal behavior.

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Definitions:

Response Tendencies

Patterns of behavior or reactions that individuals are predisposed to in response to certain stimuli.

Reinforcements

In psychology, the process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behavior by offering rewards or consequences.

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

Unconditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any need for prior learning.