Procter and Gamble Used Communities of Practice and Human Resource

question 58

True/False

Procter and Gamble used communities of practice and human resource practices to help it achieve effective collaboration and integration across its different business units.This effort resulted in the successful development of the Crest Whitestrips product and is an example of good use of boundary-constrained organizational design.

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Overheads that are unaffected by the quantity of output or sales, for example, tenancy costs, wages for staff, and indemnity expenses.

Contribution Format

A type of income statement presentation that separates fixed and variable costs, allowing for an easier assessment of how changes in volume affect profitability.

Contribution Format

A way of presenting income statements where variable costs are deducted from sales to find the contribution margin, then fixed costs are deducted to find net operating income.

Break-even Point

The level of production or sales at which total revenues equal total expenses, resulting in neither profit nor loss.