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What is the expected return on a portfolio that will decline in value by 13% in a recession,will increase by 16% in normal times,and will increase by 23% during boom times? Each scenario has an equal likelihood of occurrence.
Secondary Reinforcement
A stimulus that becomes reinforcing through its association with a primary reinforcer.
Intermittent Reinforcement
A conditioning schedule in which a reward or punishment is given only some of the time a behavior occurs, leading to more robust responses.
Primary Reinforcement
A stimulus that is inherently rewarding, satisfying a biological need or desire, such as food, water, or shelter.
Continuous Reinforcement
A type of learning in which a desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, leading to faster acquisition of the behavior.
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