The Average Synonymous Substitution Rate in Mammalian Mitochondrial Genes Is

question 21

Multiple Choice

The average synonymous substitution rate in mammalian mitochondrial genes is ________ the average rate for nuclear genes.

• A)2 times
• B)5 times
• C)10 times
• D)50 times
• E)100 times

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Definitions:

Groundwater

Water that occupies the pore spaces and fractures in underground soil and rock, serving as a crucial source of water supply for both natural ecosystems and human use.

Quartzite

A hard, metamorphic rock formed from quartz-rich sandstone that has been subjected to high heat and pressure.

Hydraulic Fracturing

The use of high-pressure fluids and sand to open up fractures in limited-permeability reservoir rocks in order to extract oil and gas.

Shale Gas

Natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations, which are fine-grained sedimentary rocks.