How Did the New Deal Programs Evolve Between 1933 and 1935

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The Answer is The New Deal, a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering. Over the next several years, particularly between 1933 and 1935, the New Deal programs evolved in various ways to address the changing needs of the American people and the economy.

**1933: The First Hundred Days**

The initial phase of the New Deal was known as "The First Hundred Days," a period from March to June 1933 during which an unprecedented number of reform bills were passed by Congress. This phase focused on immediate relief and economic recovery.

Key elements of the 1933 New Deal included:

1. **Emergency Banking Relief Act**: This act helped stabilize the banking system.
2. **Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)**: It provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation projects.
3. **Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)**: It aimed to raise agricultural prices by reducing surpluses.
4. **Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)**: It was created to build dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley.
5. **Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)**: It provided direct relief for the unemployed.
6. **National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)**: It established the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate industry and stimulate the economy.

**1934: Consolidation and Expansion**

In 1934, the New Deal began to shift from short-term emergency relief to more comprehensive economic reforms. The programs evolved to include more extensive social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business and finance, and greater support for labor unions.

Key developments in 1934 included:

1. **Securities Exchange Act**: It established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the stock market.
2. **Federal Housing Administration (FHA)**: It was created to insure mortgages and spur new home construction.
3. **Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act**: It allowed the president to negotiate lower tariffs with other countries.

**1935: The Second New Deal**

By 1935, the focus of the New Deal shifted to long-term reform and the creation of programs that would have a lasting impact on social welfare. This period is often referred to as the Second New Deal.

Key elements of the Second New Deal included:

1. **Works Progress Administration (WPA)**: It was a massive work relief program that employed millions of people in various public projects.
2. **Social Security Act**: This act created a system of unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, and aid to the disabled, elderly poor, and families with dependent children.
3. **National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)**: It guaranteed the right of workers to organize unions and bargain collectively.
4. **Rural Electrification Administration (REA)**: It provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution systems to serve isolated rural areas.
5. **Public Utility Holding Company Act**: It sought to eliminate corruption and inefficiencies in the utilities sector.

Between 1933 and 1935, the New Deal programs evolved from emergency responses to the immediate crisis of the Great Depression to broader and more permanent reforms that reshaped American government and society. The New Deal laid the foundation for the modern welfare state in the United States and significantly expanded the role of the federal government in the economy.

How Did the New Deal Programs Evolve Between 1933 and 1935

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