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Technology has impacted on how consumers pay for goods or services. For example, in Japan there has been a huge growth in the use of _______-cash facilities where consumers buy smart cards which are topped up on a monthly basis and can be used for everything from transport systems to shops and cafes.
Conditioned Response
A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned Response
An automatic, innate reaction to a stimulus that does not depend on prior learning or conditioning.
Negative Punishment
A behavioral strategy involving the removal of a desirable stimulus following an undesirable behavior to decrease the likelihood of the behavior's recurrence.
Positive Punishment
A behavior modification technique that involves the addition of an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.
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