In the Learned Helplessness Experiments, Dogs Learned to Passively Submit

question 60

Multiple Choice

In the learned helplessness experiments, dogs learned to passively submit to shocks by the experimenters

• A)flashing a signal light before each shock so the dog freezes with fear.
• B)forcibly dragging the dog to the shock department.
• C)administering several shocks while preventing escape.
• D)placing a barrier so the dog must leap to escape the shocks.

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Definitions:

T-Test

A T-test is a statistical test used to compare the means of two groups to see if they are significantly different from each other, commonly used when data follows a normal distribution.

Matched Pairs Experiment

An experimental design in which the participants are paired up according to a specific criterion, ensuring that each pair is as similar as possible, and then different treatments are applied to the members of each pair.

Paired Data

Paired data refers to sets of data where each pair of observations is related in some way, commonly used in studies that involve matched subjects or before-and-after comparisons.

Independent Samples

Two or more groups of data that are collected from separate populations and are not related or paired in any way.