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Suppose Erie Textiles can dispose of its waste "for free" by dumping it into a nearby river. While the firm benefits from dumping waste into the river, the waste reduces fish and bird reproduction. This causes damage to local fishermen and bird watchers. At a cost, Erie Textiles can filter out the toxins, in which case local fishermen and bird watchers will not suffer any damage. The relevant gains and losses (in thousands of dollars) for the three parties are listed below. Local fishermen and bird watchers would be willing to compensate Erie Textiles ______ for operating with a filter.
Standard Direct Labor-Hours
The estimated amount of labor hours required to produce a unit of product, used in budgeting and variance analysis.
Denominator Level
The activity level used to compute a predetermined overhead rate, often reflecting capacity or expected usage.
Budget Variance
The difference between budgeted figures for a set period and the actual figures achieved.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
The difference between the actual variable overhead incurred and the standard cost allocated for the actual level of activity.
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