Examlex
_____________ conditioning focuses on the natural biological responses to the presence of a stimulus such as food,water,or pain,whereas __________ conditioning applies to voluntary responses,which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome.
Aggression
Behaviors or actions intended to harm or intimidate others, which can be physical, verbal, or psychological.
Predation
Predation is an interaction between species in which one organism, the predator, hunts and consumes another organism, the prey.
Dominance Hierarchies
The organization of individuals within a group into a ranking system, where positions determine access to resources and mating opportunities, often observed in animal social structures.
Hormonal Imbalance
A condition where the levels of hormones in the body are not in their optimal range, leading to a variety of physical and psychological symptoms.
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