A Chi-Square Test of Independence Is a One-Tailed Test

question 59

Multiple Choice

A chi-square test of independence is a one-tailed test. The reason is that:

• A)we are testing whether the frequencies exceed their expected values.
• B)we square the deviations, so the test statistic lies at or above zero.
• C)hypothesis tests are one-tailed tests when dealing with sample data.
• D)the chi-square distribution is positively skewed.

Understand the conceptual frameworks and theories related to social movements and social change.

Identify and differentiate between various types of crowds and collective behavior.

Recognize the factors influencing the success and dynamics of social movements, including the role of resources, technology, and organizational structures.

Analyze the impact of social movements on policy and social change.

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Definitions:

Variable Factor

An input in the production process that can be changed in the short term to influence output.

Fixed Factors

Inputs in the production process that cannot be easily increased or decreased in the short term, such as machinery or land.

Perfect Certainty

A situation in decision making where all outcomes are known and there is no ambiguity or risk.

Immediate Profits

Earnings realized in the short term, reflecting the current operations of a business rather than long-term investments.