Based on Some Ideas Expressed in Her Psychology Class, Frieda

question 96

Essay

Based on some ideas expressed in her psychology class, Frieda decided to test a hypothesis about the possible relationship between political views and the number of traffic tickets received. She used a survey of 189 statistics students to prepare the cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis shown below. Discuss Frieda's results using concepts you learned in this chapter. Note any potential problems or concerns in the analysis, and suggest possible improvements.
$$\begin{array}{l}\text { Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence }\\\begin{array} { l c | r | r | r | r } { } & { \text { Poltical Orientation } } \\\text { Traffic Tickets Last Year } && \text { Liberal } & \text { Middle-of-Road } & \text { Conservative } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { None } & \text { Observed } & 36 & 57 & 35 & 128 \\& \text { Expected } & 29.80 & 61.63 & 36.57 & 128.00 \\\hline \text { One } & \text { Observed } & 7 & 26 & 14 & 47 \\& \text { Expected } & 10.94 & 22.63 & 13.43 & 47.00 \\\hline 2 \text { or more } & \text { Observed } & 1 & 8 & 5 & 14 \\& \text { Expected } & 3.26 & 6.74 & 4.00 & 14.00 \\\hline \text { Total } & \text { Observed } & 44 & 91 & 54 & 189 \\& \text { Expected } & 44.00 & 91.00 & 54.00 & 189.00 \\\end{array}\end{array}$$
$5.70$ chi-square
4 df
$.2224 \mathrm{p}$ -value

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Definitions:

Industrial Development

The extensive growth and advancement of economic and manufacturing sectors within a country or region, often associated with technological innovation.

Urban Poor

Individuals and families living below the poverty line in urban areas, often facing issues related to housing, employment, and access to services.

Political Power

The capacity or ability of a person or group to influence or control the policies and actions of individuals, organizations, or governments.

Family Life

The daily living and social relationships within the household, encompassing domestic activities, care for children and elders, and emotional bonds.