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A Primary Difference Between Spiral and Elliptical Galaxies Is

question 12

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A primary difference between spiral and elliptical galaxies is


Definitions:

Conditioned Responses

Learned reactions that occur in response to previously neutral stimuli after conditioning.

Higher-order Conditioning

A complex form of classical conditioning where a stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus, rather than with an unconditioned stimulus, to elicit a response.

Discriminative Stimuli

Refer to environmental cues or signals that indicate the probable consequence of a particular behavior, guiding organisms to respond accordingly.

Nausea-inducing

Descriptive of something that causes a sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach, leading to the urge to vomit.

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