What Creates a Na⁺ Concentration Gradient in the Proximal Tubule

question 71

Multiple Choice

What creates a Na⁺ concentration gradient in the proximal tubule?

• A)Na⁺/K⁺ pump
• B)diffusion of Na⁺
• C)osmosis of water
• D)diffusion of Cl^-

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Definitions:

General Welfare

General welfare refers to the overall health, prosperity, and happiness of a population.

Invisible Hand Principle

Adam Smith's concept that individuals' self-interested actions can lead to positive social and economic outcomes, guided as if by an invisible hand.

Economic Welfare

The overall well-being and standard of living of people in an economy, typically measured by indicators like wealth, health, and happiness, alongside economic factors.

Competitive Market

A market structure characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers, free entry and exit, and products that are similar but differentiated.