Affirmative Action Programs

question 4

Multiple Choice

Affirmative action programs,

• A)according to critics, are clearly quota systems that lead to reverse discrimination.
• B)according to supporters, make efforts to find qualified minorities and women and hire them.
• C)according to critics, clearly lead to the hiring of unqualified people and thus reduce efficiency.
• D)All of the above are true.

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Definitions:

Savings

The portion of income not spent on current expenditures or taxes, which is set aside for future use or investment.

Autonomous Consumption

Spending that does not depend on current income levels, such as basic necessities, implying that this consumption occurs even in the absence of income.

Disposable Income

represents the amount of money that households have available for spending and saving after income taxes have been accounted for.

Saving

The portion of income that is not spent on consumption but rather set aside for future use or emergencies, contributing to personal and national wealth.