The Following Payoff Matrix Shows the Outcomes for the US

question 53

Multiple Choice

The following payoff matrix shows the outcomes for the US and the USSR from relying on conventional weapons or atomic weapons.The percentages refer to the fraction of the population that would die if a war occurred under the two weapons strategies.Assume the payoff matrix is for 1945,shortly after the US had demonstrated the effectiveness of the atomic bomb in World War II,i.e. ,the example begins in the upper right cell where USA has atomic weapons and the USSR has only conventional weapons. $\begin{array}{c}\text { USSR }\\\text { USA }\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline &{\text { Atomic Weapona }} & {\text { Conventional }} \\\hline \text { Atomis}& \text { In the USA, } 60 \% \text { would die, } & \text { In the USA S\% would die, } \\ \text { Wespons}&\text { In the USSR, } 60 \% \text { would die } & \text { In the USSR, } 90 \% \text { would die } \\\hline \text { Conventional}&\text { In the USA, } 90 \% \text { would die; } & \text { In the USA } 10 \% \text { would dies } \\&\text { In the USSR, } 5 \% \text { would die } & \text { In the USSR, } 10 \% \text { would die. } \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$
Refer to the information given above.The Nash equilibrium in this situation is for:

• A) both countries to have conventional weapons.
• B) both countries to have atomic weapons.
• C) the USSR to have atomic weapons and the USA to have conventional weapons.
• D) the USA to have atomic weapons and the USSR to have conventional weapons.

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Definitions:

Random Dispersion

The spatial distribution pattern of a population in which the presence of one individual has no effect on the distribution of other individuals. Compare with clumped dispersion and uniform dispersion.

Clumped Dispersion

A pattern of population distribution in which individuals are aggregated in patches, often due to environmental factors or social interactions, enhancing survival.

Patchy Distribution

A spatial distribution pattern where entities are clustered in several small areas, separated by areas with no or low occurrences of these entities.

Growth Rate

The rate at which an organism or any of its parts increases in size or number over a specific period.